Caring for Pet Hedgehogs: Do’s and Don’ts

Hedgehogs are charming, solitary creatures that make unique and rewarding pets for the right owners. These spiny mammals are quiet, relatively low-maintenance, and fascinating to observe. However, hedgehogs also have very specific needs that, if unmet, can lead to health issues and behavioral problems. Whether you’re a new hedgehog owner or considering bringing one into your home, understanding the essential do’s and don’ts of hedgehog care is crucial.

This in-depth guide provides the practical knowledge you need to ensure your hedgehog lives a long, healthy, and happy life.

Do: Create a Proper Enclosure

A safe, spacious, and clean habitat is foundational to your hedgehog’s well-being.

• Size Matters: Aim for a minimum of 4 square feet of floor space. Larger is always better.
• Solid Flooring: Avoid wire-bottom cages to prevent foot injuries (e.g., bumblefoot).
• Escape-Proof: Hedgehogs are curious and can squeeze through surprisingly small spaces.
• Ventilation: Ensure proper airflow without cold drafts.

Use a plastic bin, modified guinea pig cage, or specialized hedgehog habitat with secure walls. Add plenty of hiding spots, tunnels, and toys to promote activity and reduce stress.

Don’t: Use Unsafe Substrates

The wrong bedding can harm your hedgehog.

• Avoid: Cedar and pine shavings (contain harmful oils).
• Better Choices: Aspen shavings, paper-based bedding, or fleece liners.
• Keep Clean: Spot clean daily and fully replace bedding weekly to prevent odors and infections.
• Watch for Allergies: If your hedgehog sneezes or develops skin issues, consider switching bedding materials.

Do: Maintain a Comfortable Temperature

Hedgehogs require a warm, consistent environment.

• Ideal Range: 72°F to 80°F (22°C to 27°C)
• Avoid Hibernation Triggers: Temperatures below 70°F can induce dangerous hibernation attempts.
• Use Heating Tools: Ceramic heat emitters (CHE) or under-tank heaters with thermostats work well.
• Thermal Monitoring: Use digital thermometers and thermostats to avoid overheating or cold spots.

Don’t: Expose to Bright Lights or Loud Noises

Hedgehogs are nocturnal and easily stressed by sensory overload.

• Keep their enclosure in a quiet, dimly lit area.
• Avoid placing them near TVs, speakers, or high-traffic zones.
• Respect their daytime sleeping schedule.
• Limit sudden environmental changes that may cause confusion or fear.

Do: Provide a Proper Diet

Nutrition is key to a hedgehog’s long-term health.

• Base Diet: High-quality, protein-rich, low-fat dry cat food or specialized hedgehog food.
• Supplements: Offer mealworms, crickets, or cooked lean meats as treats.
• Fruits/Veggies: Small portions of apples, bananas, carrots, or squash (no citrus).
• Fresh Water: Always available via a bowl (safer than water bottles).
• Portion Control: Monitor feeding to prevent obesity, a common problem in pet hedgehogs.

Don’t: Feed Toxic or Harmful Foods

Some foods are dangerous or even fatal to hedgehogs:

• Chocolate
• Grapes and raisins
• Avocado
• Raw meats or eggs
• Dairy products (lactose intolerant)
• Processed or seasoned human foods

When in doubt, consult a vet or research before introducing new items.

Do: Include Enrichment and Exercise

Hedgehogs need physical activity and mental stimulation.

• Exercise Wheel: Use a solid-surface wheel (12 inches diameter).
• Toys: Ping pong balls, tunnels, fleece strips, and hideouts.
• Foraging: Scatter food or hide treats for natural behavior.
• Time Outside Cage: Supervised play in a hedgehog-safe space promotes activity.
• Obstacle Courses: Create safe mazes or mini-runs to explore.

Don’t: Use Wire or Mesh Wheels

These can cause foot injuries and long-term damage. Always use wheels with a solid running surface. Clean them regularly to prevent waste buildup.

Do: Handle Regularly and Gently

Building trust takes patience.

• Start with short, calm handling sessions.
• Let them explore your scent.
• Handle daily to encourage tameness and reduce fear.
• Use a soft towel if your hedgehog is particularly shy or spiky.
• Talk softly while handling to accustom them to your voice.

Don’t: Force Interaction

Hedgehogs are naturally shy and need time to adapt.

• Never wake them abruptly or startle them.
• Avoid grabbing from above (predator-like gesture).
• Respect their boundaries if they curl into a ball.
• Allow your hedgehog to initiate contact during out-of-cage time.

Do: Monitor Health Closely

Know the signs of a healthy hedgehog:

• Bright eyes
• Clean nose and ears
• Smooth skin
• Consistent appetite
• Active at night
• Regular, formed stool

Also monitor for signs of illness:

• Lethargy
• Weight loss
• Diarrhea
• Labored breathing
• Skin flakes, excessive scratching, or quill loss
• Behavioral changes or reduced activity

Regular vet checkups are recommended, ideally with an exotic animal vet familiar with hedgehogs.

Don’t: Delay Medical Attention

Hedgehogs are masters at hiding illness. If you notice any symptoms, don’t wait. Seek veterinary advice promptly to prevent worsening conditions.

• Common issues include mites, dental problems, and gastrointestinal infections.
• Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.
• Keep a health journal to track any unusual behaviors or symptoms.

Do: Practice Good Hygiene

• Wash your hands before and after handling your hedgehog or cleaning their cage.
• Clean all food and water dishes daily.
• Disinfect toys, wheels, and cage accessories weekly.
• Use gloves when cleaning if your hedgehog is sick or shedding quills excessively.

Don’t: Neglect Environmental Enrichment

A sterile or sparse enclosure can lead to boredom and stress.

• Rotate toys and rearrange the cage layout regularly.
• Introduce new textures, tunnels, and hiding areas.
• Provide nesting materials like fleece strips for comfort and engagement.

Thoughtful Care for a Happy Hedgehog

Caring for a pet hedgehog requires more than just admiration of their cuteness—it demands attention to detail, routine, and patience. By following the do’s and don’ts of hedgehog care, you build a bond of trust and provide a safe, stimulating, and loving home.

Hedgehogs may be solitary, but they thrive with attentive guardians who respect their unique personalities and meet their physical and emotional needs. With the right care, your hedgehog will reward you with quirky charm, curious exploration, and quiet companionship for years to come.

Take time to observe, learn, and adapt. Every hedgehog is different, and the more you understand their behavior and preferences, the more fulfilling your relationship will be. With patience and consistency, you’ll have a healthy, happy hedgehog that feels truly at home.

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